Well, you could use OLE/VBA as Outlook will register a server so it'll load when you access it and then you can have full control over it.
There's also the application registry. For example, if you were to type "outlook", you would find this:
[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\applications\OUTLOOK.EXE\shell\o pen\command]
@="\"C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft Office\\Office10\\OUTLOOK.EXE\" \"%1\""
In other words, exactly where "outlook.exe" is stored, and how to run it. There are many other applications here also, which can also be started just by typing there name into the start/run box.
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