QwtMatrixRasterData is for certain situations easier to use, but obviously not in your case. What makes you believe that you are supposed to use it in Qwt 6.0 ?
The difference of QwtRasterData between 5.2 and 6.0 is ( beside trivial renaming ) that you have to return the bounding intervals of the axes by interval(Qt::Axis ) instead of boundingRect() + range(). Also the copy method is gone - instead the pointer to the data object is passed to the spectrogram item taking ownership. Porting your derived class should be a job of 5 minutes.
Performancewise Qwt 6.0 should be significantly faster on multicore systems as you can tell the spectrogram to divide the image into tiles rendering them in different threads ( spectrogram->setRenderThreadCount( 0 ); ) ).
HTH,
Uwe
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